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Freight Class is the single biggest factor in your LTL shipping rate. Getting it wrong can result in a carrier rebill — sometimes 2-3x your original quote. Every LTL shipper needs to understand this system.
The National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) defines 18 classes from 50 (cheapest) to 500 (most expensive):
| Class | Density Range | Type of Freight |
|---|---|---|
| 50 | 50+ lbs/ft³ | Clean freight: steel, heavy machinery, cement |
| 55 | 35-50 | Bricks, hardwood flooring, mortar |
| 60 | 30-35 | Car accessories, bottled beverages |
| 65 | 22.5-30 | Car parts, bottled drinks, books |
| 70 | 15-22.5 | Food items, car parts, machinery parts |
| 77.5 | 13.5-15 | Tires, bathroom fixtures |
| 85 | 12-13.5 | Crated machinery, cast iron stoves |
| 92.5 | 10.5-12 | Computers, monitors, refrigerators |
| 100 | 9-10.5 | Boat covers, canvas, wine cases |
| 110 | 8-9 | Cabinets, framed artwork, table saws |
| 125 | 7-8 | Small appliances, toolboxes |
| 150 | 6-7 | Auto sheet metal, bookcases |
| 175 | 5-6 | Clothing, couches, stuffed furniture |
| 200 | 4-5 | Auto parts, aluminum tables, mattresses |
| 250 | 3-4 | Bamboo furniture, mattresses, plasma TVs |
| 300 | 2-3 | Wood cabinets, tables, chairs (setup) |
| 400 | 1-2 | Deer antlers, light fixtures |
| 500 | <1 | Bags of gold dust, ping pong balls |
Two methods:
Cubic feet = (Length × Width × Height in inches) ÷ 1,728
Carriers inspect and weigh shipments. If your declared class doesn't match the actual freight, they will rebill you at the correct class — plus an inspection fee ($50-$100). This can double your shipping cost.
Always verify your freight class before booking. When in doubt, ask your carrier or use a density calculator.